Wave 28 of the 2014-2024 British Election Study Internet Panel

June 2024 - July 2024
N = 31,582
Mode: Online survey

Fieldhouse, E., J. Green, G. Evans, J. Mellon, C. Prosser, J. Bailey, R. de Geus, H. Schmitt, C. van der Eijk, J. Griffiths, & S. Perrett. (2024) British Election Study Internet Panel Waves 1-29. DOI: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-8202-2

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Variables

2005 GE turnout
2005 GE vote choice
2010 GE turnout
2010 GE vote choice
2019 GE turnout
2019 GE vote choice
Abolish inheritance tax
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Conservatives
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Green Party
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Labour
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Liberal Democrats
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: None of these
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Plaid Cymru
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Reform UK
Achieve Increase Economic Growth: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Conservatives
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Green Party
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Labour
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Liberal Democrats
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: None of these
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Plaid Cymru
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Reform UK
Achieve Reduce Carbon Emissions: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Conservatives
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Green Party
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Labour
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Liberal Democrats
Achieve Reduce Inflation: None of these
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Plaid Cymru
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Reform UK
Achieve Reduce Inflation: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Conservatives
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Green Party
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Labour
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Liberal Democrats
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: None of these
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Plaid Cymru
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Reform UK
Achieve Reduce NHS Waiting Lists: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Conservatives
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Green Party
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Labour
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Liberal Democrats
Achieve Reduce Poverty: None of these
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Plaid Cymru
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Reform UK
Achieve Reduce Poverty: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Achieve reduced immigration: Brexit Party
Age
Age completed formal education
Age group
An independent candidate
And have you already voted (by post)?
Anything recently changed your view of main political parties?
Applied for postal vote
Are you a parent or guardian?
Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability
Attention to Politics
Best party on most important issue
Best Prime Minister
Brexit
Brexit
Brexit
Brexit
Brexit
Brexit Party contacted by email
Brexit Party contacted by letter/leaflet
Brexit Party contacted by social media
Brexit Party contacted by telephone
Brexit Party contacted in other ways
Brexit Party contacted in street
Brexit Party contacted you in last 4 weeks
Brexit Party visited home
Brexit Party: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Caring Responsibility for Adult Children
Caring Responsibility for Children Under 18
Caring Responsibility for Parents/Grandparents
Certainty of vote intention in general election
Certainty of vote intention in general election (squeezed)
Certainty of vote intention in general election (unsqueezed)
CODED score for agreeableness derived from mini IPIP
CODED score for conscientiousness derived from mini IPIP
CODED score for extraversion derived from mini IPIP
CODED score for neuroticism derived from mini IPIP
CODED score for openness derived from mini IPIP
Competence: Starmer
Competence: Sunak
Conservative contact in street: Frequency
Conservative contact Other ways: Frequency
Conservative contact social media: Frequency
Conservative contact via email: Frequency
Conservative contact via home visit: Frequency
Conservative contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Conservative contact via telephone call: Frequency
Conservatives contacted you in last 4 weeks
Conservatives look after middle class
Conservatives look after retired people
Conservatives look after working class
Conservatives look after young people
Conservatives united or divided
Conservatives: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Contacted by any political parties/campaigns in last 4 weeks?
Country
Country of Birth
Crime
Crime
daily weight
Days respondent discusses politics
Decided on General Election vote
Did you see or hear all or part of the nationally televised debate between Bori
Did your parent have employees?
Did your parent supervise the work of any other people?
Dimension of MII
Do you own or rent the home in which you live?
Do you use Facebook?
Do you use Instagram?
Do you use TikTok?
Do you use Twitter?
Do you use YouTube?
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Brexit Party
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Conservatives
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Green
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Labour
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Lib Dems
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: Plaid Cymru
Economic growth/Protecting environment scale: SNP
Economic growth/Protecting the environment scale
Education level
Education level (with add. info)
Eligible for UK general elections?
EU referendum turnout (earliest recorded)
EU referendum vote (earliest recorded)
European Integration scale (1990s version): Brexit Party
European Integration scale (1990s version): Conservatives
European Integration scale (1990s version): Greens
European Integration scale (1990s version): Labour
European Integration scale (1990s version): Liberal Democrats
European Integration scale (1990s version): Plaid Cymru
European Integration scale (1990s version): self
European Integration scale (1990s version): SNP
Facebook political info: Candidates or parties
Facebook political info: Someone you know personally
Facebook political info: Someone you know personally
Family Tried to Convince You How to Vote
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Brexit Party
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Conservatives
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Green Party
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Independent Candidate
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Labour
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Lib Dems
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Other
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: Plaid Cymru
Family Tried to Convince You to Vote: SNP
Family Try Convince: Face to Face
Family Try Convince: Mail
Family Try Convince: Telephone
Family Try Convince: Text/SMS
Financial Responsibility for Adult Children
Financial Responsibility for Children Under 18
Financial Responsibility for Parents/Grandparents
Friends Tried to Convince You How to Vote
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Brexit Party
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Conservatives
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Green Party
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Independent Candidate
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Labour
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Lib Dems
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Other
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: Plaid Cymru
Friends Tried to Convince You to Vote: SNP
Friends Try Convince: Face to Face
Friends Try Convince: Mail
Friends Try Convince: Telephone
Friends Try Convince: Text/SMS
Gender
General election postal vote retro
General Election turnout 2015 (earliest recorded)
General Election turnout 2017 (earliest recorded)
General Election vote 2015 (earliest recorded)
General Election vote 2017 (earliest recorded)
General election vote intention (recalled vote in post-election waves)
General election vote intention (squeezed)
General election vote intention (unsqueezed)
Given any money to a political party, organization or cause
Green contact in street: Frequency
Green contact Other ways: Frequency
Green contact social media: Frequency
Green contact via email: Frequency
Green contact via home visit: Frequency
Green contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Green contact via telephone call: Frequency
Green Party contacted by email
Green Party contacted by letter/leaflet
Green Party contacted by SMS
Green Party contacted by telephone
Green Party contacted in other ways
Green Party contacted in street
Green Party Contacted you in last 4 weeks
Green Party visited home
Green: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Gross household income
Gross personal income
How likely to win in constituency: United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP)
How many employees did your parent have?
How many of the people in your household are under 18?
How many people worked for your parent's employer?
Immigration
Immigration
Independent contact in street: Frequency
Independent contact Other ways: Frequency
Independent contact social media: Frequency
Independent contact via email: Frequency
Independent contact via home visit: Frequency
Independent contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Independent contact via telephone call: Frequency
Independent contacted by email
Independent contacted by leaflet/letter
Independent contacted by Social Media
Independent contacted by telephone
Independent contacted by visit to home
Independent contacted in other way
Independent contacted in street
Instagram political info: Candidates or parties
Instagram political info: Haven't followed platform
Instagram political info: Other people (e..g commentators, journalist)
Instagram political info: Someone you know personally
Integrity: Starmer
Integrity: Sunak
Interest in General Election
Interview Start Time
Introduce free breakfast clubs for all primary school children in England
Is your name on the electoral register?
Labour contact in street: Frequency
Labour contact Other ways: Frequency
Labour contact social media: Frequency
Labour contact via email: Frequency
Labour contact via home visit: Frequency
Labour contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Labour contact via telephone call: Frequency
Labour contacted you in last 4 weeks
Labour look after middle class
Labour look after retired people
Labour look after working class
Labour look after young people
Labour united or divided
Labour: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Left/right position: Brexit Party
Left/right position: Conservative
Left/right position: Greens
Left/right position: Keir Starmer
Left/right position: Labour
Left/right position: Lib Dems
Left/right position: Plaid Cymru
Left/right position: Rishi Sunak
Left/right position: Self
Left/right position: SNP
Lib Dems contact in street: Frequency
Lib Dems contact Other ways: Frequency
Lib Dems contact social media: Frequency
Lib Dems contact via email: Frequency
Lib Dems contact via home visit: Frequency
Lib Dems contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Lib Dems contact via telephone call: Frequency
Lib Dems contacted you in last 4 weeks
Lib Dems: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Like/dislike Brexit Party
Like/dislike Ed Davey
Like/dislike Keir Starmer
Like/dislike: Adrian Ramsay
Like/dislike: Carla Denyer
Like/dislike: Conservatives
Like/dislike: Green Party
Like/dislike: John Swinney
Like/dislike: Labour
Like/dislike: Liberal Democrats
Like/dislike: Lorna Slater
Like/dislike: Nigel Farage
Like/dislike: Patrick Harvie
Like/dislike: Plaid Cymru
Like/dislike: Rhun ap Iorwerth
Like/dislike: Rishi Sunak
Like/dislike: Scottish National Party
Likelihood to vote in general election
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Brexit Party
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Conservatives
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Green Party
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Labour
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Lib Dems
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: Plaid Cymru
Likelihood Win Local Constituency in GE: SNP
Likely to win majority: Conservatives
Likely to win majority: Labour
Listened to or watched a party election broadcast
Lowering the voting age to 16 for all UK elections
MII (LLM-coded/collapsed)
Most Important Issue: LLM Coded
No Chance at Being Part of Next UK Govt: Brexit
No Chance at Being Part of Next UK Govt: DUP
No chance at coalition: All parties have a chance
No chance at coalition: Conservatives
No chance at coalition: Green Party
No chance at coalition: Labour
No chance at coalition: Liberal Democrats
No chance at coalition: Plaid Cymru
No chance at coalition: Scottish National Party (SNP)
No Responsibility for Adult Children
No Responsibility for Children Under 18
No Responsibility for Parents/Grandparents
None of these
None of these
None of these parties contacted you in last 4 weeks
None Tried to Convince You How to Vote
Number of people in household
Other contact in street: Frequency
Other contact Other ways: Frequency
Other contact social media: Frequency
Other contact via email: Frequency
Other contact via home visit: Frequency
Other contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Other contact via telephone call: Frequency
Other party contacted you in last 4 weeks
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Brexit Party
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Conservatives
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Green Party
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Independent Candidate
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Labour
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Lib Dems
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Other
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: Plaid Cymru
Other Tried to Convince You to Vote: SNP
Other Try Convince: Face to Face
Other Try Convince: Mail
Other Try Convince: Telephone
Other Try Convince: Text/SMS
Others Tried to Convince You How to Vote
Parent's education level
Parent's highest level of education
Parent's ns-sec analytic categories
Parent's ns-sec sub-categories
Parties and politicians in the UK are more concerned with fighting each other th
Party ID if no party to first ID question
Party identification
Pensions should increase even if wages and prices are not
People at Work Tried to Convince You How to Vote
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Brexit Party
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Conservatives
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Green Party
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Independent Candidate
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Labour
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Lib Dems
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Other
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: Plaid Cymru
People in Work Tried to Convince You to Vote: SNP
People in Work Try Convince: Face to Face
People in Work Try Convince: Mail
People in Work Try Convince: Telephone
People in Work Try Convince: Text/SMS
Perceived difference between Conservative and Labour parties
Perceived Likelihood of Hung Parliament?
Plaid Cymru contact in street: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact Other ways: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact social media: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact via email: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact via home visit: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contact via telephone call: Frequency
Plaid Cymru contacted you in last 4 weeks
Plaid Cymru united or divided
Plaid Cymru: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Preferred election outcome: Conservative led coalition
Preferred election outcome: Conservative majority
Preferred election outcome: Labour led coalition
Preferred election outcome: Labour majority
Preferred election outcome: Some other government
Private school fees should remain tax free
Read a campaign leaflet/letter, text message or email from a political party
Read any newspapers in last 3 days?
Read Daily Mail/Sunday Mail in last 3 days?
Read Daily Telegraph in last 3 days?
Read Evening Standard in last 3 days?
Read Financial Times in last 3 days?
Read Guardian/Observer in last 3 days?
Read Independent in last 3 days?
Read Mirro/Daily Record in last 3 days?
Read No Newspapers in last 3 days?
Read Other Local Daily Morning Newspaper in last 3 days?
Read Other Newspaper in last 3 days?
Read Record/Sunday Mail in last 3 days?
Read The Daily Star in last 3 days?
Read The Express in last 3 days?
Read The Herald (Glasgow) in last 3 days?
Read The i in last 3 days?
Read The Metro in last 3 days?
Read The Scotsman in last 3 days?
Read The Sun in last 3 days?
Read The Times in last 3 days?
Read The Western Mail/Wales on Sunday in last 3 days?
Reform UK contact in street: Frequency
Reform UK contact Other ways: Frequency
Reform UK contact social media: Frequency
Reform UK contact via email: Frequency
Reform UK contact via home visit: Frequency
Reform UK contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
Reform UK contact via telephone call: Frequency
Region
Require 18 year olds to service in military/community for 1 year
Respondent belonging to any religion?
Respondent's self-selected ethnicity
Respondent's work status
Saw/heard fifth 2016 EU Ref TV debate
Saw/heard fourth 2016 EU Ref TV debate
Scottish Constituency Vote 2011
Scottish Constituency Vote 2016
Scottish referendum turnout (earliest recorded)
Scottish referendum vote (earliest recorded)
Scottish Regional Vote 2011
Scottish Regional Vote 2016
Self: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Shared political content on another website/online platform
Shared political content on Facebook
Shared political content on Instagram
Shared political content on TikTok
Shared political content on Twitter
Shared political content on YouTube
Shared political content through email
Shared political content through instant messaging
SNP contact in street: Frequency
SNP contact Other ways: Frequency
SNP contact social media: Frequency
SNP contact via email: Frequency
SNP contact via home visit: Frequency
SNP contact via letter/leaflet: Frequency
SNP contact via telephone call: Frequency
SNP contacted by email
SNP contacted by letter/leaflet
SNP contacted by social media
SNP contacted by telephone
SNP contacted in other ways
SNP contacted in street
SNP contacted you in last 4 weeks
SNP united or divided
SNP visited home
SNP: Allow more or fewer immigrants
Social Grade
Strength of party identification
Sympathy in Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Tax-spend tradeoff: Conservatives
Tax-spend tradeoff: Labour
Tax-spend tradeoff: Self
The economy
The economy
The environment
The environment
The environment
The environment
The environment
The NHS
The NHS
TikTok political info: Candidates or parties
TikTok political info: Haven't followed platform
TikTok political info: Other people (e..g commentators, journalist)
TikTok political info: Someone you know personally
Time follows politics in newspapers (including online)
Time follows politics on the internet (not including newspapers)
Time follows politics on the radio
Time follows politics on TV
Tried to persuade somebody which party they should vote for
Tried to persuade somebody which party they should vote for
Tried to persuade somebody which party they should vote for
Trust MPs in general
Twitter political info: Candidates or parties
Twitter political info: Other people (e.g. commentators, journalists etc)
Twitter political info: Someone you know personally
Use none of YouTube, Instagram, or TikTok
Visit Tactical Vote Website During Campaign?
Was your parent an employee or self-employed?
Watched eigth debate
Watched first debate
Watched second debate
Watched seventh debate
Watched third debate
Weight variable for the GB sample as a whole (Everyone who took wave 2)
Welsh Constituency Vote 2016
Welsh Regional Vote 2016
What is the highest educational or work-related qualification you have?
What is your current marital or relationship status?
What kind of organisation do you work for?
Which daily newspaper do you read most often?
Which of the following best describes your sexuality?
Who will most people you know vote for?
Willing to Join Coalition with Conservatives: Brexit Party
Willing to Join Coalition with Conservatives: Greens
Willing to Join Coalition with Conservatives: Lib Dems
Willing to Join Coalition with Conservatives: Plaid
Willing to Join Coalition with Conservatives: SNP
Willing to Join Coalition with Labour: Brexit Party
Willing to Join Coalition with Labour: Greens
Willing to Join Coalition with Labour: Lib Dems
Willing to Join Coalition with Labour: Plaid
Willing to Join Coalition with Labour: SNP
Would successfully reduce immigration: Conservative
Would successfully reduce immigration: Green Party
Would successfully reduce immigration: Labour
Would successfully reduce immigration: Liberal Democrat
Would successfully reduce immigration: None of these
Would successfully reduce immigration: Plaid Cymru
Would successfully reduce immigration: Scottish National Party (SNP)
Would Successfully Reduce Inequality: Conservatives
Would Successfully Reduce Inequality: Greens
Would successfully reduce inequality: Labour
Would Successfully Reduce Inequality: Liberal Democrats
Would successfully reduce inequality: None of these
Would successfully reduce inequality: Plaid Cymru
Would successfully reduce inequality: Reform UK
Would Successfully Reduce Inequality: SNP
YouTube political info: Candidates or parties
YouTube political info: Haven't followed platform
YouTube political info: Other people (e..g commentators, journalist)
YouTube political info: Someone you know personally

Additional information

Study team: Ed Fieldhouse, Jane Green, Geoff Evans, Jonathan Mellon, Christopher Prosser, Jack Bailey, James Griffiths, Stuart Perrett
Spatial coverage: GB
Date published: 2024-09-12
Last modified: 2025-01-10
Publisher: British Election Study
Identifier: https://www.britishelectionstudy.com/data-object/wave-28-of-the-2014-2024-british-election-study-internet-panel/
URL: https://www.britishelectionstudy.com/data-object/wave-28-of-the-2014-2024-british-election-study-internet-panel/
Temporal coverage: 2024-06-10/2024-07-03